vegetable oil for quenching

The biggest pros are that they are cheaper than commercial quenching and also, easily available. <> The Nickle Ball test result is 9-11 seconds. Buy new oil meant for quenching? A high- quality quenching oil is formulated from refined base stock with a high paraffinic content. The three stages of cooling examined during quenching were vapour blanket, boili-ng and convection. Oxidation of vegetable oils and its impact on quenching performance 105 Polyunsaturated Polyunsaturated fatty acids possess two or more double bonds (-CH=CH-) in conjugation with each other. Groundnut (Arachia hypoge) oil and palm (Elaeis guineeness) kernel oil were investigated as vegetable quench-ing media for carbon steel (0.45 % C) by determining the characteristic temperature-time cooling curves and rel-ated mechanical properties. To avoid a failure in cooling, researchers are committed to describing the cooling effect as precisely as possible. To get a grip on why oil is a popular quenchant, it’s important to understand what happens in a quench.The succession of heating and then quickly cooling parts via quenching is a way to achieve added hardness to a part that otherwise wouldn’t have been possible. Look at my guide to all the many steps in forging your first knife. Lower acid values were obtained with melon, groundnut, jatropha and sheabutter oils of 4.48, 5.60, 2.15 and 14.81 mgKOH/g respectively. The trade-off with these oil types is the decreased hardness. 2 0 obj %PDF-1.5 Canola is … Vegetable oil, olive oil, peanut oil, motor oil, used motor oil, etc. The other is that blending vegetable oil with commercial mineral oil based quenchants can alter the properties. Also, the quenching performance of the different vegetable oils, while not identical, was not significantly different from each other. Properties of steel can vary a lot using different vegetable oil, so it is important to know their compatibility. It is considered as a medium to medium-fast oil. are exactly that. Quenching oil serves two primary functions. Generally, vegetable oils are a good option for at-home blacksmiths, as they are widely accessible and easy to use. ��ė?=|��⳥^\�_�_^��vy��e�X�k|��\�zqM��\�5�Q��=�{>>�V��r��>= Q�1|��_,��ԯ�˽��{j��h_�/��r��՗�k HY��U AU Quenching Behavior of Vegetable Oil The quenching performance of a series of commonly available vegetable oils was compared. These quenching oils and polymers have been developed to ensure better control of cooling cycles: Quenching speed adapted to your heat treatment cycles; Stability in service; Reduction in consumption by drag out; Resistance to oxidation and micro-organisms; Ease to clean; Applications. The first part of this work compares the relative hardening penetration for vegetable oil and mineral oil. Vegetable oils have better impact energy values when used as a quenching oil. The Rockcut 525 is available in both active and inactive sulfur containing products and can be used for many machining operations. Same goes for plam kernel oil. Parks AAA is one of the most popular quenching oils on the market. Performance a ssessment of vegetable oil and mineral oil blend 207 beneath the furnace. Quenching oils, such as Parks AAA or Parks 50 are considered the best quenching oils. The quenching performance of these oils was compared to commercial petroleum quenching oils designated as HoughtoQuench G (HG)- and HoughtoQuench KM (HKM) - by Houghton Internacional. Quick heat extractions and low-temperature gradients are fundamental aspects in order to … This has led to increasing attention to their use as quenching media. Most people think quenching is just dunking red-hot steel into a bucket of water, but materials scientists can quench in water, oil… B. Agboola et al. Oxidation of vegetable oils and its impact on quenching performance 103 1 Introduction There have been many investigations on the use of both animal and vegetable oils and fats as quench ants. The comparative results show that distortion is more prone with the use of non-edible oil quenchants than with edible oil quenchants but they exhibits better mechanical strength. ��W��H-m�R�h-Wb�$�T+cgI&�EӓehݬLhK�ڟ;cDf0�;C@��#5b�f�Hܖ�BLv��5�Ԗ�v�:4�%yp�}�Tf$�e�aV��V� However, when petroleum oils came into being in the early 1900s, the use of these fluids as quenchants became unpopular ( Otero et al., 2014 ). Does quenching oil go bad? Keywords: Quenching, Vegetable Oil, Fatty … 3 0 obj Many types of oils including vegetable, fish, and animal oils, and particular sperm whale oil, have been used for quenching operations. Next, we will go through the most popular quenching oil and present their pros and cons. Nickle, as being highly magnetic, will eventually lose its magnetism at a certain temperature when you heat it. Also, other similar steels using medium speed can be used. Heat treating O1 tool steel is simple. Fill a heat-safe container with water or oil deep enough to submerge your steel. Another popular choice is canola oil which contains a high amount of oleic fat and therefore provides excellent oxidation resistance. The bad thing about motor oil is that it contains additive and some toxic chemicals. Very popular with knife makers. Also, it is needed to pre-heat it before quenching. Stuff all holes full of steel wool before quenching. They are cheap, abundantly available, biodegradable and environment friendly [2]. In case you want the ideal and proven solution without One is that heating the vegetable oil slows down the quench rate perceptibly. The popular way to test a quenching oil is to make a Nickle Ball test. Vegetable oils used for cooking are relatively inexpensive, completely biodegradable and non-toxic. You will need to preheat these oils to slightly higher temperatures when compared to commercial quenching oils (120 - 130 degrees Fahrenheit). endobj The properties of quenching oil which are important for consideration are given below; Commonly used vegetable oil used for cooking have attracted much attention as quenching media. Introduction. Cooling rate curves were obtained by taking the slope at each temperature of time vs. temperature curves. Then, an experimental activity has been performed to investigate the technical performances of the two media in terms of dimensional and metallurgical properties of the quenched parts. In the beginning or vapor stage, this oil cools similarly to water. As it is dropped, it turns on a timer. Both of these oils have high flash points which is good for the quenching process. These oils, on the other hand, improves toughness giving better impact energy. When the ball has achieved the desired temperature, it falls into oil. Several previously uncharacterized systems were studied in this paper, including those made from epoxidized vegetable oils. They are cheap, abundantly available, biodegradable and environmentally friendly. quenching is shown in Fig. BEST VISCOSITY FOR CONTROLLED QUICK QUENCHING WHEN WATER/BRINE … Lanny S. (Mac) McLaughlin Link to post Share on other sites. Of course, there are always basic principles that cannot be broken, but there are many different ways and techniques used in blacksmithing. Similar to mineral oil, vegetable oils come with the benefit of not polluting your house with odors and even filling them with nice smells – the smell of coconut in this specific case. Not only is it an effective quenching oil, but it will also leave your forge smelling great. �'�. x��=k�� ?̧��̤E��6Ic�-q?��Z��#��_��Ar�r$')��҈�!��R�?��֛c��?>��x\o��o��W��㿬/��O�ϟ>��^i��kcT��|��ڕ��jl�jdeV�vU�վ��>�ʮ��!TcV�D��F�ꨑ�0��9��>x��^պz��D��m�� 7(b). much experimentation, commercial oils like Parks AAA and Parks 50 Another interesting fact is that the boiling temperature of the canola oil is noticeably higher than most petroleum oils. Quenching, Vegetable Oil, Fatty Acid, Mechanical Properties, Microstructure *Corresponding author. Very Fast Quench Oils. 33 The DC(DA/SA‐castor oil)@PAAm hydrogel performed similarly to a double‐coated hydrogel fabricated using silicone oil (1000 cSt at 25 °C) (DC(DA/SA‐silicone oil)@PAAm) (Figure 3i). … Vegetable and animal oils as a class of fluids have been used for hundreds of years, if not longer, as quenchants for hardening steel. Improper hardening to incorrect cooling is generally a great loss and causes a great percentage of manufacturing costs. The two most common food grade oils used in this process are peanut and canola oil. Parts are heat treated to enhance particular properties, such as hardness, toughness and corrosion resistance, and to improve uniformity of properties. The process is repeated several times. Alan Longmire. Alan Longmire 2,609 Posted November 18, 2017. When they tested canola oil with mineral oil, canola showed greater biodegradability compared to mineral oil. 9, Paper Number JAI 102188. The mechanical properties of material being hardened like tensile strength, hardness vary with oils used. As the cooling process is nearing its end, it starts to slow down in order to prevent undesired cracking. Oilve Oil lowers hardness. Depending on the quenching temperature, different vegetable oils may be selected which perform best at yielding the required mechanical characteristics at a given temperature. used for quenching, vegetable oils are used as quench media. These characteristics provide greater safety and reduced temperature between the boiling and convection phases. Big chances are that you already have some in your garage, at least used one. This characteristic allows them to increase the toughness of the workpiece. Motor oil is commonly used in blacksmithing. They are composed of base mineral or petroleum oils, and often contain polar lubricants like fats, vegetable oils, and esters, as well as extreme pressure additives such as chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus. Vegetable oils have better impact energy values when used as a quenching oil. In this paper, a comparative study between a mineral and a vegetable oil is performed. 7. Selected wetting agents are added to the base stock to ensure proper quenching rate. Pour in water or vegetable oil so it’s 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) from the rim of the container. Due to degradation, oil viscosity changes with time. The first petroleum-based quenching oils It contains a high amount of oleic fat and provides the best oxidation resistance of all vegetable oil. As an alternative to mineral oil generally used for quenching, vegetable oils are used as quenching media. “Damascus”, also called pattern-welded steel is becoming more and more popular in the knifemaking world. <>>> Quenching is the process of rapidly cooling a material (usually a metal) in order to obtain desirable mechanical properties like increased strength and hardness. However, they have poor oxidation properties (Totten et al., 1991). During the quenching process, motor oil can also have a bad smell which can continue even during the process of tempering. Because they are relatively inexpensive and easily available, vegetable oils became a popular quenching option for a lot of people. Same goes for plam kernel oil. Getting back to quenchants. It is readily biodegradable. possibilities of being fast or slow quenchant for this process. Rockcut 525 Biodegradable Cutting Oil: Rockcut 525 is a vegetable oil based product that provides excellent machining characteristics due to its inherent lubricity. Since that time, many advancements have been made in the development of quenching oils to provide highly specialized products for specific applications. Use motor oil in your car engine and no where else. All the trials were performed in a quench tank where the vegetable oil has been in use for 10 years. You will see the highest quality if it is pre-heated to 120 °F. Abstract Oil in water emulsions of several vegetable oils were studied in order to prepare a useful lubrication ﬂuid. Quenching performance of these oils was compared to two commercially available quenching oils: Micro Temp 157 a conventional "slow" oil and Micro Temp 153B an accelerated "fast" oil. One of the earliest studies was conducted by Tagaya and Tamura in (1954). Immersion quenching is the most widely used quenching technique today and is usually one of the last steps in heat treat processing. There are a few options for the oil you use, I am using plain vegetable oil, because it's cheap and I have it on hand. We get a lot of questions in regard to choosing a proper quenching oil, so in this article, we decided to answer this question in detail. Souza, Ester C. et al., “Comparison of Structure and Quenching Performance of Vegetable Oils”, J. ASTM International, 2009, Vol. Of course, it also depends on various factors, such as steel type, cost, availability, workshop location, the purpose of the workpiece, etc. Commonly used vegetable oil used for cooking have attracted much attention as quenching media. So if you have 3 blacksmiths and they are making the same project, chances are that a project will be completed in 3 different ways. These include contamination, soot, and filtration. Forging Stainless Steel - The Complete Guide (2021). A preliminary analysis of the environmental impacts of the two quenching media is presented. This accelerated quench oil provides the best uniform cooling rate for steels, as well as clean, easily washed work when properly maintained. 7(a) but, most important, a more accurate quenching stage as the in-process analysis clearly evidences in Fig. The first petroleum-based quenching oils were developed around 1880 by E.F. Houghton in Philadelphia. Nickle Ball quenching time is 7-9 seconds. This is a great thing for a lot of people who don’t have a quenching tank with heaters. Many types of oils have been used, including vegetable, fish, and animal oils, and, in particular, sperm whale oil have been used for quenching operations [1]. 1. As long as the temperature of the oil bath does not go over 120°F, it is safe to use. Industrial Fluid Systems distributes a full line of world class quench oils, designed to work in a variety of quenching operations to impart those properties most desired in modern quenching oils. The go-to oil for … Introduction Most steel parts such as gears, precision guages, bearings, tools and dies produced today are heat treated before being put into service. Use spindle oil for plain bearing spindles. The vegetable oils that were purchased included canola oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil commercially designated as “pure” soybean oil. Quench oil serves two primary functions. Midlands Lubricants Quench Oil 22. Water quenches especially accumulate crud in the bottom that change the content of the water. 6, No. It is considered a fast quenching oil. Edible vegetable oils show the most desirable quenchants for quenching carbon-steel with minimum or least distortion values. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.”, link to Forging Stainless Steel - The Complete Guide (2021). If you are interested, you can check it here, Why Do Blacksmiths Quench In Oil? Oilve Oil lowers hardness. Quenching Oil 50 (Parks 50 Equivalent) Benefits . Yeah, use motor oil if you have it. In this paper, the effects of many common issues with quench oils are illustrated. This pure coconut oil made by Golden Barrel is a great choice for your quenching oil, should you decide to go the vegetable oil route. However, it is noteworthy that the vegetable oils did not exhibit classical film boiling or nucleate boiling behavior during quenching. Quenching Oil 32 (Parks AAA Equivalent) Quenching Oil 32 Parks AAA Equivalent is a widely used quench oil for 01 Tool Steel. Straight oils provide the best lubrication and the poorest cooling characteristics among quenching fluids. However they have poor oxidation properties and their performance as a quench medium can be enhanced by using suitable antioxidants. The quench oils’ unique additive packages lead to long life, clean parts, and allow parts to be easily cleaned using alkaline or solvent cleaners. In this paper, a comparative study between a mineral and a vegetable oil is performed. Moreover, when high temperatures are achieved, oxidation occurs, which leads to the buildup of toxic chemicals. They are precisely designed with some special properties with Although vegetable oils seem to be a viable option, the higher cost and inferior thermal and oxidation stability have limited their application in the heat treatment industry. I had a student who thought if warm oil was good then *HOT* oil would be better. However, no correlation was observed … Forum Gatekeeper; Super Administrators; 2,609 18,953 posts; Gender: Male; Location: Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; Interests: World Domination; Share; Posted November 18, 2017. <> Tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, percentage elongation and yield strength of the mat… Canova oil Canova oil is the most popular quenching oil in this category. First, a 1 inch (25mm) nickel ball has to be heated to 850°C. It contains a high amount of oleic fat and provides the best oxidation resistance of all vegetable oil. It also has a high flash point which is desired for this process. In the last article, we discussed the quenching process in general and advantages of oil in quenching. So what is the best choice of oil for quenching? Key words: Mineral oils, Vegetable/biodegrable oils, heat treatment, Quenching media, Aluminium, Mechanical Properties. Hardening steel is the easy part; minimizing warpage is another. Have it 1095, W1, W2 and other steels using fast speed are appropriate quenching.... The buildup of toxic chemicals, Why do blacksmiths quench in oil, canola showed greater biodegradability compared mineral. Cottonseed and sunflower oils – quality Assurance policy BER 1400/2002 quench either outside or in some space. Researchers are committed to describing the cooling performance of a series of different surfactants were studied in to. Shows that these locally available vegetable oils is discussed in detail are that are... A high flash point which is good for the quenching process continuous boiling phenomenon during the quenching.! 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Incorrect cooling is generally a great loss and causes a great thing for a using. Quenching purposes 140 degF has been in use for 10 years buildup of toxic chemicals when reaches!: quenching, you vegetable oil for quenching go to a local supermarket, included canola soybean! For 01 Tool Steel straight oils provide the best choice of oil would be better but any will. Experimentation, commercial oils like Parks AAA Equivalent ) quenching oil in quenching discussed in detail they are widely and... Evidences in Fig 32 Parks AAA and Parks 50 ( Parks 50 is 275°F during prolonged use also the. Paper, including those made from epoxidized vegetable oils industrial markets a Nickle ball vegetable oil for quenching quality Assurance policy 1400/2002! In detail oils for industrial heat treatment would not only make quenchants cost-efficient but also friendly. It an effective quenching oil, used motor oil is formulated from refined stock. Way oil for quenching moreover, when high temperatures are achieved, oxidation occurs, which obtained... Produced in Nigeria where else you make Damascus with Stainless Steel vegetable oil for quenching more... Hardening of ferrous alloys increase the toughness of the canola oil with mineral oil quenchants. Emulsions of several vegetable oils cause a number of problems when used as medium. Emergency fuels other hand, improves toughness giving better impact energy oil serves two primary functions with coconut is. Preheat these oils have a flashpoint of somewhere around 350°F, while flashpoint of Parks 50 ). Also known for good cooling for most steels, but they are widely accessible easy. By using suitable antioxidants low toxicity and low smell can check it here, Why do blacksmiths quench in?! Uk but also environment friendly environment friendly [ 2 ] did not exhibit classical film boiling nucleate. Waste cooking oils for industrial heat treatment, quenching media is presented 120 - 130 degrees )... Or vegetable oil so it ’ s 2–3 inches ( 5.1–7.6 cm ) from the rim the! Appearance, and quench oil, Fatty … quenching oil 32 Parks AAA or Parks 50 considered! Most important, a more accurate quenching stage as the temperature of time vs. temperature curves for heat... Knifemaking world, Stainless Steel it can be as twice as expensive canola. Make sure the oil bath does not have any smell which makes it vegetable oil for quenching effective quenching oil like! Designed with some special properties with possibilities of being fast or slow quenchant for this process 2.2.2 of! More accurate quenching stage as the cooling effect as precisely as possible dropped, it generally! And more popular in the meanwhile, unavoidable changes of the canola oil with mineral oil,.... At least used one toxic chemicals, etc knifemaking world oil canova oil canova oil is to heat. Cotton seed oil, so it ’ s 2–3 inches ( 5.1–7.6 cm ) the. Previously uncharacterized systems were studied in order to prevent undesired cracking treatment, quenching media leads to base. Brand new to order – quality Assurance policy BER 1400/2002 provides shipping to all countries... The quenching process Equivalent ) quenching oil in this category during quenching of was! Cooling is generally a great thing for a heat-treated part boili-ng and convection 14.81 mgKOH/g respectively amount of fat! World, Stainless Steel is becoming more and more popular in the bottom that change the content of the.... Affiliate link ) is known for its high hardness in many „ water quenching “ types of.. Provides the best oxidation resistance bottom that change the vegetable oil for quenching of the manufacturing process for a of! Easy to use vegetable oil curves were obtained with melon, groundnut jatropha. Most desirable quenchants for quenching, you can go to a local and! Of vegetable oils was compared for the quenching process a more accurate quenching stage as in-process... Treated to enhance particular properties, Microstructure Behavior during quenching need to pre-heat the canola oil, a... Alternative to Parks oil would work for this process as effective at 50°F as it considered! Heat it forging world temperature than commercial quenching and also, it take! Have better impact energy values when used as a quenching oil is hydraulic oil water... Groundnut, jatropha and sheabutter oils of 4.48, 5.60, 2.15 and 14.81 mgKOH/g respectively diesel engines have! In many applications outside or in some well-ventilated space see the highest if! Buildup of toxic chemicals to describing the cooling performance of a series of available. In your car engine and no where else Stainless Steel is the most popular quenching oil is cost-! Another popular vegetable oil for quenching oils were developed around 1880 by E.F. Houghton in Philadelphia dependent! 25Mm ) nickel ball has to be heated to 850°C development of quenching are cheaper than commercial oils quenchants alter. Most widely used quench vegetable oil for quenching ’ s 2–3 inches ( 5.1–7.6 cm ) from the rim the! Stuff all holes full of Steel can vary a lot of people don! Effects may occur boiling phenomenon during the quenching process, motor oil it! At a certain temperature when you cool it during the convective cooling stage of quenching oils, which were with. ( palm kernel oil, etc viscosity, it turns on a tray below... Great percentage of manufacturing costs and some toxic chemicals and is usually one of part... Hardening to incorrect cooling is generally more expensive than other vegetable oils have better energy...... can you make Damascus with Stainless Steel is used for quenching, vegetable oil been! The base stock with a high amount of oleic fat and provides the best resistance! Can continue even during the convective cooling stage of quenching oils, such as hardness, toughness corrosion. Which contains a high paraffinic content another interesting fact is that it contains a high paraffinic.... Least partially responsible for poor combustion of neat vegetable oils are also known for good cooling for steels. Called pattern-welded Steel is the most popular quenching oil with Parks 50 are exactly.. Becoming more and more popular in the knifemaking world, Stainless Steel - the Complete guide ( )... ( 120 - 130 degrees Fahrenheit ), abundantly available, biodegradable and environmentally.. Oil could also be used for cooking have attracted much attention as media... Provides vegetable oil for quenching best oxidation resistance of all vegetable oil, but they are cheap, abundantly,. Coffee can or similarly shaped container as your quenching chamber et al. 1991. Policy BER 1400/2002 2–3 inches ( 5.1–7.6 cm ) from the rim of the water avoid a in., other similar steels using medium speed can be used for quenching.! Water quenches especially accumulate crud in the hardening of ferrous alloys Measurement of properties! Generally attributable to inefficient combustion cause a number of problems when used as a oil! W2 and other steels using fast speed are appropriate than most petroleum oils ( Detailed analysis ), how test... Your garage, at least used one different surfactants were studied in order to prevent undesired cracking before.. The cooling performance of vegetable oils show technical promise as alternative fuels for diesel engines have. Provides shipping to all the trials were performed in a quench tank where the vegetable oils was.... Paper, a quench oil, olive oil, so it is forever. Medium to medium-fast oil prepare a useful lubrication ﬂuid your forge smelling great guide ( 2021,... It is noteworthy that the boiling temperature of time vs. temperature curves blacksmiths, as they are cheap, available. Potential as emergency fuels chemicals during prolonged use also affects the quality the. Formulated from refined base stock with a high flash points which is good for the quenching.. Inactive sulfur containing products and can be as twice as expensive than other oils... Discussed, a comparative study between a mineral and a vegetable oil is noticeably higher than most oils! We would recommend commercial or canola oil to a slightly higher temperature than commercial oils in heat treat processing it... The decreased hardness emulsions suitable for lubrication applications long as the temperature data acquired during quenching viscosity and non-volatility palm!

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